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    <p>Hi Paul, <br>
    </p>
    <p><br>
      thank you very much for the detailed problem description and the
      laminar test case. <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      Best Regards,<br>
      Steffen<br>
    </p>
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      cite="mid:mailman.643.1501193704.6680.nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov">
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              <div class="headerdisplayname" style="display:inline;">Subject:
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              Re: [Nek5000-users] Only neumann and periodic boundary
              conditions for energy equation</td>
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              <div class="headerdisplayname" style="display:inline;">From:
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              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov"><nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov></a></td>
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              <div class="headerdisplayname" style="display:inline;">Date:
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              07/27/2017 10:22 PM</td>
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              <div class="headerdisplayname" style="display:inline;">To:
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              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov">"nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov"</a>
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov"><nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov></a></td>
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          <p>Hi Steffen,</p>
          <p><br>
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          <p>The attached file shows how to deal with the case</p>
          <p>you're interested in.  </p>
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          <p>Please see the README, the .pdf, and the .usr files.</p>
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          <p>hth,</p>
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          <p>Paul</p>
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                  style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000" face="Calibri,
                  sans-serif"><b>From:</b> Nek5000-users
                  <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nek5000-users-bounces@lists.mcs.anl.gov"><nek5000-users-bounces@lists.mcs.anl.gov></a> on
                  behalf of <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov">nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov</a>
                  <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov"><nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov></a><br>
                  <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 27, 2017 2:11 AM<br>
                  <b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov">nek5000-users@lists.mcs.anl.gov</a><br>
                  <b>Subject:</b> [Nek5000-users] Only neumann and
                  periodic boundary conditions for energy equation</font>
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                <div class="PlainText">Hi Neks,<br>
                  <br>
                  I want to simulate "ideal" isoflux boundary conditions
                  in a pipe.<br>
                  As the temperature (T) increases in streamwise
                  direction (in my case <br>
                  z-direction), I define<br>
                  theta(r,phi,z,t) = (<T_w>(z) - T(r,phi,z,t))/T_r<br>
                  with T_r = q_w/(rho c_p U_b) and <T_w>(z)
                  denoting the time average of <br>
                  the wall temperature T_w.<br>
                  <br>
                  With that I can recast my energy equation to solve for
                  the temperature <br>
                  difference theta instead of the temperature T which
                  allows for periodic <br>
                  boundary conditions as theta does not change in
                  streamwise direction. <br>
                  This introduces an additional source term 4 u_z.<br>
                  <br>
                  I would like to set a constant heat flux boundary
                  condition at the wall <br>
                  (see e.g. Piller: Direct numerical simulation of
                  turbulent forced <br>
                  convection in a pipe. 2005), i.e. a Neumann boundary
                  condition (ideal <br>
                  isoflux), and compare the results to those obtained
                  with the same PDE <br>
                  but a Dirichlet boundary condition theta_w=0
                  (mixed-type). This setup of <br>
                  applying only Neumann boundary conditions is
                  "ill-posed". I believe <br>
                  because there is no unique solution to this setup,
                  right?<br>
                  As Piller points out, one can introduce an additional
                  constraint and <br>
                  enforce the volume averaged temperature to be constant
                  to overcome this <br>
                  issue. Piller did not face this problem as he was
                  using a finite volume <br>
                  method.<br>
                  <br>
                  I can calculate the volume integral over temperature
                  like this, correct?<br>
                         nt = nx1*ny1*nz1*nelt<br>
                         t_vol = glsc2(t, bm1, nt)<br>
                  <br>
                  And then I would adjust my source term in each step to
                  keep t_vol=constant.<br>
                  However, I do not know this constant in advance. If I
                  set it to an <br>
                  arbitrary value, e.g. zero, this leads to negative
                  theta at the wall, <br>
                  which contradicts my definition of theta.<br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  I know this is not a specific Nek5000 Problem but
                  maybe someone has <br>
                  experienced similar issues and found a solution that
                  works in Nek5000?<br>
                  <br>
                  Best Regards,<br>
                  Steffen Straub<br>
                  <br>
                  -- <br>
                  Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)<br>
                  Institute of Fluid Mechanics<br>
                  <br>
                  M.Sc. Steffen Straub<br>
                  Doctoral Researcher<br>
                  <br>
                  Kaiserstraße 10<br>
                  Building 10.23<br>
                  76131 Karlsruhe, Germany<br>
                  <br>
                  Phone: +49 721 608-43027<br>
                  E-mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:steffen.straub@kit.edu">steffen.straub@kit.edu</a><br>
                  Web: <a href="http://www.istm.kit.edu"
                    id="LPlnk80880" previewremoved="true"
                    moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.istm.kit.edu</a><br>
                  <br>
                  KIT – The Research University in the Helmholtz
                  Association<br>
                  <br>
                  Since 2010, the KIT has been certified as a
                  family-friendly university.<br>
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