Hi Paul,<div><br></div><div>thank you for your help.</div><div><br></div><div>The boundary conditions for the <span class="J-JK9eJ-PJVNOc" style="background-image:initial;background-color:yellow;background-repeat:initial initial">adjoint</span> problem are chosen so as to nullify the boundary terms obtained during the derivation of the linearized NS <span class="J-JK9eJ-PJVNOc" style="background-image:initial;background-color:yellow;background-repeat:initial initial">adjoint</span> equation. An exhaustive description of the derivation procedure for our case could be found for example on "Marquet et. al., Sensitivity analysis and passive control of cylinder flow, JFM 2008".</div>
<div><br></div><div>Just to be sure, what kind of outflow condition is applied in NEK? I assumed that it is the traction free, maybe I am wrong.</div><div><br></div><div>However, I think I solve my issue by imposing a different boundary condition, which is reasonable for the adjoint field that I expect.</div>
<div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Best Regards,</div><div><br></div><div>Andrea </div>