David, Thank you for your patient guidance in this matter. What was confusing me is that I thought MPICH was logging on as myself and thus using my user path. Clearly, that is not the case. After running dumpbin I found that anything that had been formally installed was on the system path. Anything else was not. In this case, pthreads was the issue. Copying the appropriate dll to the application's directory solved the problem. Everything is working fine now. Just as an aside: The first attempt to run dumpbin resulted in a "missing dll" error. The required dll exists on my XP system but its directory is not on the user nor system path. Copied the appropriate dll to a directory on the system path. Thanks again for your help. Best, Peter. /* This doesn't rule out the dll problem. If a dll exists in your user path environment variable but does not exist in the system path environment variable then the application will fail to run using mpiexec - even on the same node where mpiexec is run. This very much appears to be a dll problem. I suspect if you run: echo %PATH% dumpbin /imports your_mpi_app.exe you will find a dll that your application depends on in your user path. Copy that dll or dlls to the same location as your executable and you will be able to run your job. */